Анотація
In press
Актуальність. В останні роки в дитячій популяції суттєво збільшилась кількість захворювань, профіль яких все частіше відповідає «дорослому типу». Лише [3–5] % дітей старшого шкільного віку в Україні можуть вважатися здоровими. На здоров’я дітей впливає низка шкідливих факторів навколишнього середовища, інфекції, стрес. Основи здоров’я дитини закладаються ще до її народження. Програмування довгострокового здоров'я триває до 2–3 років, коли формується кишковий мікробіом, що є модулятором метаболізму, поведінкових реакцій, роботи імунної та нервової систем. Дані про кишковий мікробіом численні, проте недостатньо систематизовані.
Мета. Проаналізувати сучасні наукові джерела щодо впливу харчування на формування мікробіому дитини як фактора програмування довгострокового здоров'я.
Матеріали та методи. Дослідження проведено з використанням бібліосематичного методу та системного аналізу. Пошук наукових джерел проведено в наукометричних базах PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Wiley Online Library за 2015–2026 рр. До аналізу включено 121 джерело. Дослідження проведено в межах науково-дослідної роботи кафедр педіатричного профілю Харківського національного медичного університету «Медико-біологічні аспекти адаптації дітей з соматичною патологією в сучасних умовах» (2023–2026), номер державної реєстрації 0123U101768.
Етика дослідження. В ході роботи були відібрані літературні джерела, що описують дослідження, автори яких дотримувалися сучасних біоетичних норм.
Результати. Аналіз джерел показав, що збалансоване повноцінне харчування під час вагітності та на ранніх стадіях життя дитини відіграє ключову роль у формуванні кишкової мікробіоти дитини, яка є важливим фактором фізичного та нейропсихічного здоров’я, сприяє формуванню та дозріванню імунної системи. Харчування матері під час вагітності та дитини в перші роки життя може порушити цей процес. Неналежне формування кишкового мікробіому може негативно впливати на фізичний розвиток дитини, спричинити появу метаболічних, серцево-судинних, аутоімунних, алергічних та нейродегенеративних захворювань, діабету 2-го типу навіть у дорослому віці. Грудне вигодовування, своєчасне введення прикорму, застосування харчових втручань можуть допомогти створити здорову мікробіоту дитини з народження і таким чином «запрограмувати» довгострокове здоров'я.
Висновки. Формування здорового мікробіому має вирішальне значення для розробки цілеспрямованих харчових втручань з метою покращення здоров'я протягом усього життя.
Ключові слова: педіатрія і неонатологія, харчування дитини, харчування матері, мікробіоценоз, програмування здоров'я, дитяча нутриціологія.
Посилання
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